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Biblical Exegesis

Colossians

 
 
 
ATTENTION BIBLE STUDENTS:

My translation of this book from the original languages is provided below. Everything inside brackets is commentary that is meant to assist the reader in understanding certain doctrines and concepts germaine to the context.
 
My Technical Analysis, Translation Notes, and Relevant Highlights from famous commentators are available in PDF form on the DOWNLOAD page. You may access this document in a separate browser window through the link below. A list of resources is also provided at the bottom of this page should you wish to pursue reading on your own.
 
KW = Kenneth Wuest's expanded translation
KJV = King James Version (committee effort)
LWB = My translation & occasional notes

CLICK HERE to open Commentary of Colossians (in separate browser window)

Col. 1:1 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the sovereign will of God [the Father], and Timothy our brother,

 

Col. 1:2 To the saints in Colossae, particularly to the faithful brethren [those continuing to be strong in doctrine] in Christ. Grace to you and prosperity from God our Father.

 

Col. 1:3 We keep on giving thanks to God Who is [even] the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ at all times concerning you, offering face-to-face prayer, 

 

Col. 1:4 Having heard [the report] of your faith [application of doctrine] in Christ Jesus [experiential sanctification] and the virtue love which you have towards all the saints,

 

Col. 1:5 Because of the assurance which is reserved for you in the heavens [both eternal life & our inheritance from Christ], which you have heard before in the Word of Truth [doctrine], i.e., the gospel,

 

Col. 1:6 Which is in you [importance of doctrine in your soul], even as it is in all the world [by evangelistic proclamation], continually bearing fruit [correct application] and increasing [spiritual growth] even as it is in you [produced in you by the Spirit], from the day you heard [intake] and came to know fully [metabolization] the grace of God in Truth [Bible doctrine],

 

Col. 1:7 Just as you learned [previously] from Epaphras [functioning as your pastor-teacher], our beloved, fellow bondslave, who is a consistently faithful minister of Christ on your behalf, 

 

Col. 1:8 Who has also reported to us [Paul’s team in Rome] concerning your virtue love in the Spirit. 

 

Col. 1:9 Because of this [positive report], we also from the day that we heard [from Epaphras], do not cease praying and constantly offering petitions [to the Father] on your behalf, so that you [the deficiency of your soul] might be filled to the point of overflowing with the full knowledge [from doctrine] of His sovereign will by means of all wisdom [consistently applied doctrine] and spiritual understanding [discernment between good & evil],

 

Col. 1:10 So that you might begin to walk [function in the sphere of divine power] worthy [with integrity, dignity, and character] of the Lord with the view of pleasing Him in all things [the supergrace life], being fruitful in every good work [divine production] and constantly receiving growth [spiritual prosperity] by means of the full knowledge from God [maximum doctrine in the soul],

 

Col. 1:11 Constantly being strengthened by means of every enabling power [delegated to believers when they are filled with the Spirit] according to the standard of the ruling power of His glory [divine sovereignty and omnipotence] resulting in all patience [faith rest technique] and stability through suffering [provides spiritual momentum] associated with inner happiness [supergrace happiness as a result of passing tests],

 

Col. 1:12 Constantly giving thanks to the Father Who qualified you [by inheritance] for a share of the assigned portion [of escrow blessings] of the saints in the sphere of light [only attained by continued residence and function inside the sphere of light], 

 

Col. 1:13 Who has delivered us [all believers] out from the dictatorship of the darkness [Satan’s cosmic system] and transferred us into the kingdom [the realm of royal power during the Church Age] belonging to the Son of His love, 

 

Col. 1:14 By means of Whom we keep on having and holding our redemption [by His paying a ransom and purchasing us out of the slave market of sin], the cancellation of our sins,  

 

Col. 1:15 Who [Jesus Christ] is and always was the exact image [shares the same divine essence] of the unseen [invisible] God [deity of Christ], the privileged firstborn [humanity of Christ at the virgin birth] with reference to all creation [hypostatic union],  

 

Col. 1:16 Because by means of Himself [Jesus Christ] all things in the heavens and upon the earth were created, the visible things [like man] and the invisible things [like the angelic host], whether they are human governments [thrones] or constituted authorities [dominions] or angelic rulers [principalities] or demon commissioned officers [potentates]; all things stand created through Him [Jesus Christ] and for Him [His divine purpose].  

 

Col. 1:17 Furthermore, He [Jesus Christ] was before all things [eternal existence] and all things are held together by Him [divine omnipotence sustains the universe].  

 

Col. 1:18 Furthermore, He [Jesus Christ] is now and always will be the Head over the Body [federal headship], the Church, Who was the beginning [eternal existence], the first [uniquely] born out from the dead [resurrection] so that He might become the One Who is pre-eminent [ultimate authority] in all things.  

 

Col. 1:19 (Because He [God the Father] has determined with pleasure that all the fullness [blessings & happiness] should have permanent residence and function in Him [Jesus Christ],   

 

Col. 1:20 And through Him [Jesus Christ] to reconcile all things [believers] to Himself [reconciliation as an accomplished fact, not a hypothetical], having concluded peace [again, an accomplished fact, not an hypothetical] through the blood [spiritual death] of His cross [definite atonement], through Him only [reconciliation is exclusively from Jesus Christ], whether things on earth [elect believers] or things in the heavens [elect angels].   

 

Col. 1:21 And you [Christians] who were at one time [before the new birth] settled in a state of alienation [positional residence: total inability] and were hostile [enemies] in your thinking by means of your wicked works [experiential function: total depravity],   

 

Col. 1:22 Yet now [at the cross] He has reconciled you by means of the body of His flesh [Jesus Christ as true humanity] through spiritual death), for the purpose of presenting you holy [positional sanctification] and blameless [ultimate sanctification] and irreproachable [experiential sanctification] in His sight,   

 

Col. 1:23 If indeed [assuming that] you continue to persist [daily] in doctrine, having laid a strong foundation [in the basics], both stabilized [not controlled by your emotions] and not swerving [into reversionism] from the ultimate source of the confidence of the message which you have heard [grace as opposed to legalism or works], which was publicly proclaimed to all creatures who are under heaven, of which I, Paul, have become a minister.   

 

Col. 1:24 I now keep on rejoicing [inner happiness] in my sufferings on behalf of you [pressures in the ministry which come from the sheep themselves], and am filling up [taking in more doctrine] the deficiency [Paul needed more truth on the launching pad of his soul] with reference to the pressures of Christ in my flesh on behalf of His Body [Paul is back in fellowship after some difficult times], which is the Church,   

 

Col. 1:25 Concerning which [Body of Christ] I have become a minister according to the dispensation [stewardship] of God which was given to me [as revelator of Church Age doctrine] for your benefit for the purpose of fulfilling the Word of God [completing what was hidden in the Old Testament],   

 

Col. 1:26 The mystery [of Church Age doctrine] having been concealed from the ages [prior dispensations] and from [prior] generations, but now [during the Church Age] has been revealed to His saints [Church Age believers],    

 

Col. 1:27 To whom God decreed [in eternity past] to make known [through pastors & teachers] what is the wealth of this mystery [Church Age doctrines] among the Gentiles [in contrast to the exclusiveness of prior Jewish dispensations], which continues to be Christ in you [indwelling of the Shekinah glory], the confidence of glory [guarantee of eternal life],

 

Col. 1:28 Whom [Jesus Christ] we continue to solemnly proclaim [evangelism], repeatedly warning every man [those with negative volition] and repeatedly instructing every man [those with positive volition] in all wisdom [whole realm of doctrine], so that we might render every man fully mature in Christ,    

 

Col. 1:29 To which [objective] I am constantly working even to the point of exhaustion, straining every muscle [like a gladiator or professional athlete], according to the standard of His [prototype] power which is supernaturally working in me on a continual basis in the sphere of [operational] power.    

 

Col. 2:1 For I want you to know about the great combat [intercessory prayer struggles] I continually have on your behalf and for those in Laodicea and as many as have not seen me face-to-face in my flesh [other assemblies],    

 

Col. 2:2 So that the mentality of your souls might be stabilized [during times of great pressure], while you are being taught inside the love complex, namely, every category of wealth [maximum doctrine in the soul] related to the full assurances which come from the source of technical knowledge [complete systematic theology], resulting in a full knowledge of the mystery of God, from the source of Christ,   

 

Col. 2:3 In Whom [Jesus Christ] all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are stored up [Bible doctrine is the mind of Christ].    

 

Col. 2:4 I am telling you this so that no one may delude you with distorted doctrines by means of plausible but false discourse [subtle, persuasive speech].     

 

Col. 2:5 For, as is the case, I am in fact absent [from you] in the flesh, nevertheless, I am continually with you by means of the Spirit [non-resident pastor-teacher], constantly filled with inner happiness [from doctrine] even while inspecting your steadiness in ranks [in the Christian life] and the solid front [fortification] of your doctrine in Christ [battle lines in the angelic conflict].     

Col. 2:6 Therefore, in the same manner in which you received Christ Jesus the Lord [by the grace of God in the Spirit], keep on walking in it [the sphere of divine power],      

 

Col. 2:7 Having been rooted [in spiritual self-esteem] and firmly anchored [in spiritual autonomy] and having been constantly built-up [construction of an edification complex in the soul] in it [spiritual maturity in the sphere of power], and having been continually established by means of doctrine [passing momentum & evidence testing], just as you were instructed [by a qualified pastor-teacher], keep on overflowing [abounding] with thanksgiving [part of ultra-supergrace life].      

 

Col. 2:8 Constantly be on guard [beware] so that there is not anyone who can capture [by pseudo-love fanaticism] and enslave you [in reversionism] through human speculation [human viewpoint philosophy & psychology], even through empty deceit [inane fallacies] according to the rudimentary teachings [beggarly elements] from the cosmic system and not according to the standards of Christ.      

 

Col. 2:9 For in Him dwells permanently [in hypostatic union] all the fullness [divine essence] of the Godhead [deity of Christ] bodily [humanity of Christ];       

 

Col. 2:10 Furthermore, you are in Him [positional truth], being completely filled full [by the baptism of the Holy Spirit], Who [Jesus Christ] is the Head [sovereign ruler] over every principality [angelic realm] and authority [earthly sphere],       

 

Col. 2:11 In Whom you were circumcised by means of a circumcision not made with hands [spiritual, not ritual circumcision], by the renunciation of the body of the flesh [essence of the old sin nature], by means of the circumcision of Christ [identification with Christ on the cross],       

 

Col. 2:12 Having been buried with Him [union with Christ] by means of identification [baptism of the Holy Spirit], by means of which you have also been raised up with Him through faith [promise of resurrection life] by means of the sovereign [operational] power of God, Who raised Him out from the deaths [both spiritual and physical].       

 

Col. 2:13 And as for you, being dead in transgressions and the uncircumcision of your flesh [the old sin nature], He [God the Father], having graciously forgiven us all our transgressions, has given to you life together with Him [divine life imparted to the believer at the moment of regeneration],       

 

Col. 2:14 Having cancelled the IOU written against us, which kept on being hostile to us [because of the old sin nature], and He [the Father]removed it [the IOU] permanently from our midst, by nailing it to the cross,       

 

Col. 2:15 Having disarmed the archons [chief demon warmakers] and [demon] commissioned officers, displaying the [angelic] captives publicly, having celebrated a triumphal procession over them by means of Him [Jesus Christ],        

 

Col. 2:16 Consequently, stop allowing anyone [self-righteous, legalistic believers] to sit in judgment over you in the act of eating or in drinking [adult beverages] or with respect to feasts or new moons [monthly festivals] or Sabbaths [worship days],         

 

Col. 2:17 Which [three previously mentioned holy days] keep on being a shadow of those things which are about to come, but the substance [reality] is from Christ.         

 

Col. 2:18 Let no one declare you ineligible for your reward, taking pleasure in self-effacement [the false humility of asceticism] and in the worship of angels [demon religion], taking a stand on those things he has seen [dreams, trances, hallucinations], being inflated with arrogance to no avail [without cause] under the influence of the thinking from the source of his flesh [old sin nature],         

Col. 2:19 And not being occupied with the Head [authority of Jesus Christ], from Whom all the body [of believers] through joints and ligaments [daily doctrine builds strength], being provided gratuitously [doctrine should be free] and being continually taught [by well-trained pastors & teachers], keeps on growing with the growth from God.

 

Col. 2:20 If you have died together with Christ [retroactive positional truth] to the ultimate source of the basic principles [rudimentary elements] of the cosmic system, then why, as though living like a person in the cosmic system, are you submitting to legalism?

 

Col. 2:21 For instance [an example of three legalistic taboos]: You shall not have sex [celibacy], neither shall you eat certain foods [vegetarianism], nor shall you touch anything with hostility [pacifism], 

 

Col. 2:22 All of which [taboos] are destructive to the adherent [ruins their spiritual life], according to the ordinances and teachings of men [not from God],  

 

Col. 2:23 Which classification of things [taboos] currently exist, on the one hand, having a reputation [appearance] of wisdom by means of a self-made system of religion [superstition] and by means of an emotionally subjective false humility [self-effacement] and by means of a severe non-indulgence of the body [extreme asceticism], but on the other hand, which are not of any value against gratification of the flesh [taboos are unable to control the old sin nature].  

 

Col. 3:1 If therefore, you have been raised together with Christ [positional truth], then keep on endeavoring to obtain and possess the above things [Bible doctrine circulating in the soul brings us into the immediate presence of God], where the Christ is sitting [session] at the right hand of God [the Father].   

 

Col. 3:2 Keep on thinking objectively about [concentrate on] the above things [Bible doctrine as divine viewpoint], not the things [human viewpoint] upon the earth [cosmic thinking],   

 

Col. 3:3 For you have died [separated from your former life], and the function of your life has been hidden together with Christ by means of the God [the veil which now shrouds your higher life from others will one day be withdrawn].   

 

Col. 3:4 On the occasion [at the rapture] when the Christ, our life, shall appear [when the Groom returns for His bride], at that time you also shall be made manifest with Him in the sphere of glory.   

Col. 3:5 Start rendering impotent [put to death], therefore, the members [of the old sin nature], the things upon the earth [specifically]: heterosexual immorality [fornication], homosexuality [perverted sex], abnormal passion [pathos], evil [demonically inspired] lusts and the frantic search for happiness [avarice], which category of things keeps on being [ a form of] idolatry,   

 

Col. 3:6 Because of which things the wrath of God [divine discipline] comes upon the sons of disobedience [sexual reversionists],   

 

Col. 3:7 In the sphere of which things [reversionism] you also walked as a pattern of life [modus operandi] when you once functioned in them [residence and function in Satan’s cosmic system].    

 

Col. 3:8 But now [as believers] you should also begin to lay aside all these [other categories of reversionism]: vicious anger, emotional tantrums, using an inconsequential person to hurt someone you love, slandering, and foul language from your mouth.    

 

Col. 3:9 Stop lying to one another of the same kind [particularly to fellow Christians], having disarmed the old man [old sin nature] together with his modus operandi [cosmic activity],    

 

Col. 3:10 And having put on the new in point of time [clothed the soul of the new man with an edifying doctrinal structure], being renewed [because the doctrine you once knew was destroyed by reversionistic lifestyle] by the full knowledge [metabolized Bible doctrine] which is according to the image of the One [Jesus Christ] Who created him [the believer],

 

Col. 3:11 In which place [union with Christ] there no longer exists Greek or Jew [no racial inferiority], circumcision or uncircumcision [rituals and religious background is irrelevant], Barbarian, Scythian [cultural background is irrelevant], slavery, state of freedom [social status is irrelevant], but Christ is all things [the grace source of all we have] and the cause of all things [divine sovereignty and omnipotence].

 

Col. 3:12 Keep on clothing yourself [dressing your soul with doctrine], therefore, as chosen ones of God [elect in eternity past], (having been loved in the past with the result that you will be loved forever), with affections of grace compassion [capacity for love & life], a gracious disposition [inner happiness & kindness], a relaxed mental attitude [grace orientation], an inwrought meekness of the soul [genuine humility], longsuffering steadfastness [patience from mastery of the details of life],

 

Col. 3:13 Putting up with one another of the same kind [mental separation from obnoxious believers] and graciously forgiving others [unbelievers]. If anyone has a complaint against anyone else, even as the Lord graciously forgave you, in this way also you [forgive];

 

Col. 3:14 And upon [above & between] all these [floors of the edification complex], impersonal [virtue] love, which is the binding agent [cement] of maturity [leads to supergrace status].

 

Col. 3:15 And the [spiritual] prosperity from Christ, let that continually umpire [control] the mentality of your soul, into which [supergrace status] you were called [the purpose of your election] into one body [the corporate church]; therefore, keep on becoming thankful ones [gratitude: capacity for life].

 

Col. 3:16 Let the doctrine from Christ keep on dwelling inside you abundantly [doctrine must saturate your inner life] in the sphere of all wisdom [doctrine on the launching pad]. You [pastors & teachers], be teaching with authority and be applying doctrine to yourself and other believers [pastors aren’t exempt from application] by means of psalms [David’s experiential theology], hymns, odes [stories & poems], and [congregational] singing by means of grace in the mentality of your soul [songs that originate from thinking, not emotional subjectivity] to God,

 

Col. 3:17 And whatever you habitually do in the sphere of words [conversation] or deeds [behavior], do it all in the name of the Lord Jesus [self-motivation from occupation with Christ], continually giving thanks to God the Father [expression of gratitude in spiritual autonomy] through Him [Jesus Christ].

 

Col. 3:18 Wives, always submit to the authority of your husbands, as it should be protocol to do in the Lord.

 

Col. 3:19 Husbands, always love your wives [impersonal love as a problem solving device] and stop being bitter against them.

 

Col. 3:20 Children, always obey your parents in everything, for this [authority orientation] is pleasing to the Lord.

 

Col. 3:21 Fathers, do not embitter [provoke indignation] your children, so that they may not become discouraged [from too much system testing]. 

 

Col. 3:22 Labor, always obey management according to the flesh [excludes spiritual matters] in everything [on the job], not with eye service as men-pleasers [not as brown-nosing, patronizing politicians], but with a virtuous mentality of the soul [from doctrinal thinking], always respecting the Lord. 

 

Col. 3:23 Whatever you do, keep functioning from your soul [in spiritual autonomy] as to the Lord and not to man,  

 

Col. 3:24 Since you [growing Christians] know that you will receive the reward of your inheritance [wages for work done, not a free gift] from the Lord [your ultimate reward comes from the Lord, not the human organization you work for]: Always be serving the Lord Christ,   

 

Col. 3:25 For anyone who habitually does wrong [injury or injustice] will receive the consequences of his wrongdoing [self-induced misery & divine discipline], since there is no partiality [under the law of volitional responsibility].     

 

Col. 4:1 Management, always pay from your own resources just [fair] and equitable [no favoritism] wages to your employees, knowing that you also have management in heaven.    

 

Col. 4:2 Be continually devoted to [vigilant in] prayer, constantly being alert by means of the same [prayer] in the sphere of thanksgiving [gratitude].    

 

Col. 4:3 At the same time [simultaneously] be continually praying also for us [teamwork], so that God might open a door for doctrine to us, for the purpose of communicating the mystery [Church Age doctrine] of Christ, because of which I also have been chained [to soldiers of the Praetorian Guard],     

 

Col. 4:4 In order that I might make known by teaching the same [Church Age doctrine] as it is necessary for me [my responsibility] to communicate.      

 

Col. 4:5 Be continually walking in the sphere of wisdom towards the ones on the outside [unbelievers], continually purchasing [redeeming, logging] the time,      

 

Col. 4:6 Your word always in the sphere of grace [divine viewpoint], having been seasoned with salt [mature application of doctrine], so that you may know [having studied beforehand] how each one [questions from every quarter] should be answered by you.      

 

Col. 4:7 All things pertaining to me [my current circumstances] Tychicus shall declare unto you, a beloved brother and faithful minister and fellow servant in the Lord [Paul’s 3-fold introduction and commendation],      

 

Col. 4:8 Whom I have sent face-to-face to you for this same purpose, in order that you might come to know our situation [things concerning us], and that he might encourage the mentality of your soul [comfort your thinking],      

 

Col. 4:9 Along with Onesimus, a faithful and beloved brother, who is from among you [from Colossae]; they will report to you the entire situation here.      

 

Col. 4:10 Aristarchus, my fellow prisoner, salutes you, also Mark, the cousin of Barnabas (concerning whom you have already received orders: if he comes face-to-face to you, welcome him with open arms),      

 

Col. 4:11 Also Jesus who is called the just [Paul’s lawyer]; these who are out from the circumcision [Jews] are my only co-workers with reference to the Kingdom of God, who are of such a character [supergrace believers] as to have become a comfort [refreshment from friends] to me.      

 

Col. 4:12 Epaphrus, who is from among you [from Colossae], a slave of Christ Jesus, salutes you, who is always struggling on your behalf by means of his prayers [he is their absent pastor-teacher who is visiting Paul in prison], in order that you mature ones [supergrace believers] may hold your ground [stand firm while he is away] and be completely filled up [saturated] with all things [every category of doctrine] in the will of God;      

 

Col. 4:13 For I solemnly testify with reference to this same one [Epaphrus], that he keeps having great distress on your behalf and for those in Laodicea [who are constantly in trouble] and those in Hierapolis [the local hot springs medical center].      

 

Col. 4:14 Luke, the [my] beloved physician, and Demas [who later becomes a reversionist], also salute you.      

 

Col. 4:15 Salute the brethren in Laodicea, especially Nymphas and the assembly of believers which meets at her house [one of Paul’s six non-resident congregations].      

 

Col. 4:16 And when this letter [Epistle to the Colossians] has been read and taught in your presence, do it thoroughly [verse-by-verse exegesis] and make sure that it may also be read and taught in the church of the Laodiceans and that you [Colossian believers] likewise read and teach the one from the Laodiceans [Epistle to the Ephesians].      

 

Col. 4:17 Also tell Archippus: Pay attention [see to it] to the ministry which you received from the Lord, in order that you might fulfill it [he was failing in his responsibility to discipline the wild members of his Laodicean congregation].      

 

Col. 4:18 This salutation is by my hand: Paul. Keep remembering my chains. Grace be with you.

Resources

 

The Epistle of Paul to the Colossians: Tyndale NT Commentaries, Herbert M. Carson, 1976,

 

Colossians: Word Biblical Commentary, 1982, Peter T. O’Brien, Thomas Nelson Publishers

 

Colossians in the Greek NT, Kenneth Wuest, 1994, Eerdmans Publishing

 

Colossians: Word Pictures in the NT, A.T. Robertson, 1931, Baker Book House

 

Colossians: The Abingdon Bible Commentary, C.H. Dodd, 1957, Doubleday Publishing

 

Colossians, Donald Guthrie, 1970, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing

 

Colossians: New Intl. Bible Commentary, Ernest G. Ashby, 1979, Zondervan

 

Colossians, R. Jamieson, A. Fausset, D. Brown, 2002, Hendrickson Publishers

 

Colossians: The Expositor’s Greek NT, W.R. Nicoll, 2002, Hendrickson Publishers

 

Paul’s Epistles to the Colossians and Philemon, J.B. Lightfoot, 1999, Hendrickson Publishers

 

Colossians, Dennis Wretlind, class notes from Western Theological Seminary

 

Colossians: The Pulpit Commentary, G.G. Findlay, T. Croskery, W.F. Adeney, U.R. Thomas, R.M. Edgar, R. Finlayson, E.S. Prout, 1962, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing

 

Word Studies in Colossians, Marvin Vincent, 1946, William B. Eerdmans Publishing

 

Colossians, Matthew Henry, 2001, Hendrickson Publishers

 

Colossians, J. Vernon McGee, 1991, Thomas Nelson Publishers

 

Studies in the Epistle to the Colossians, E. Schuyler English, 1944, Publication Office Our Hope

 

Colossians, B.H. Carroll, 1947, Broadman Press

 

Philippians and Colossians: Joy and Completeness in Christ, Robert Gromacki, 2003, AMG Publishers

 

Colossians, John Eadie, 1957, Zondervan Publishing

 

Colossians & Philemon, John MacArthur, 1992, Moody Press

 

The Interpretation of Paul’s Epistle to the Colossians, R.C.H. Lenski, 1961, Augsburg Publishing

 

Justification Before God, Not By Faith, W.E. Best, 1992, W.E. Best Book Missionary Trust

 

For Whom Did Christ Die? R.B. Kuiper, 1982, William B. Eerdmans Publishing

 

The Sovereign God, James M. Boice, 1978, Inter Varsity Press

 

Biblical Interpretation and the Church: The Problem of Contextualization, D.A. Carson, 1984, Thomas Nelson Publishers

 

The Saviour’s Definite Redemption, W.E. Best, 1982, W.E. Best Book Missionary Trust

 

Commentary on Colossians, A.E. Knoch, 1968, Concordant Publishing Concern

 

Sin, Savior and Salvation: The Theology of Everlasting Life, Robert P. Lightner, 1991, Thomas Nelson Publishers

 

Grace, Lewis Sperry Chafer, 1924, Sunday School Times Company

 

Dispensationalism Today, Charles C. Ryrie, 1987, Moody Press

 

The Millennial Kingdom, John F. Walvoord, 1978, Zondervan

 

By His Grace and For His Glory: A Historical, Theological, and Practical study of the Doctrines of Grace in Baptist Life, Thomas J. Nettles, 1986, Baker Books

 

Whatever Happened to the Reformation? Gary L.W. Johnson, R. Fowler White, 2001, Presbyterian & Reformed Publishers

 

Millennialism, Charles L. Feinberg, 1982, Moody Press

 

The Potter’s Freedom: A Defense of the Reformation and a Rebuttal of Norman Geisler’s Chosen But Free, James R.White, 2000, Calvary Press

 

Predestination, Gordon H. Clark, 1987, Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing